| 摘要: |
| 为筛选适宜在黄河三角洲盐碱地种植的青贮玉米品种，以10个粮饲兼用或青贮专用玉米品种为研究对象，测定各品种的产量、农艺性状以及全株养分含量等指标，并采用主成分分析方法进行综合评价。结果表明：1）供试的10个玉米品种的鲜草产量在黄河三角洲盐碱地无显著差异，但各品种的干草产量（10.2~20.1 t/hm2）存在显著差异（P<0.05），以‘来玉721’为最高，其他依次为‘大京九4059’ ‘登海605’ ‘粒隆915’ ‘登海652’ ‘郑单958’ ‘鲁单211’ ‘中航611’ ‘豫青贮23’和‘鲁单256’；穗产量（3.7~12.2 t/hm2）呈现类似规律。2）各品种之间的株高等农艺性状均存在显著差异，株高以‘大京九4059’最高，为246.4 cm，‘登海605’最低，为185.6 cm；叶片持绿性以‘豫青贮23’最高，为97.2%，‘中航611’最低，为87.1%；叶长和叶宽均以‘郑单958’最高，分别为69.1 cm和9.0 cm，‘鲁单211’ 最低，分别为49.8 cm和5.3 cm。3）各品种养分含量的差异均达到显著水平，淀粉含量在25~36 g/100 g，粗蛋白含量在7.01~8.95 g/100 g，中性洗涤纤维（NDF）在32~47 g/100 g，酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）在16~23 g/100 g，除了‘豫青贮23’外，其他玉米品种均达到青贮玉米一级标准。4）通过主成分分析提取了4个主成分，累积贡献率为88.99%， ‘粒隆915’ 等6个玉米品种的综合得分为正数，其他4个玉米品种的综合得分为负数。综上，‘粒隆915’ ‘登海652’‘豫青贮23’ ‘来玉721’ ‘郑单958’和‘大京九4059’适宜在黄河三角洲盐碱地种植。 |
| 关键词: 盐碱地 青贮玉米 产量 营养品质 淀粉 粗蛋白 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.09.02 |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-26 |
| 基金项目:国家牧草产业技术体系 （CRAS-34）；山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目（2023TSGC0046）；东营市盐碱地综合利用专项（2023YJDZX06）；山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程（CXGC2023F12） |
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| Suitability evaluation of different silage maize varieties in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta |
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ZHANG Jinglei1,2,3, WU Bo1, WANG Guoliang1, CHAI Shiming4, ZHOU Yuan5
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| (1.Institute of Leisure Agriculture/Key Laboratory of East China Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Engineering Research Centre for Ecological Horticultural Plant Breeding, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;2.Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongying 257091, China;3.National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257347, China;4.Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan 250100, China;5.Chuxin (Dongying) Modern Agriculture Co. Ltd., Dongying 257300, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To select suitable silage maize varieties in the saline-alkali land of Yellow River Delta， the yield， agronomic traits and nutrition contents of 10 maize varieties for both grain and forage/special silage were analyzed， and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by the principal component analysis. The results showed that： 1） There were no significant differences in fresh yield of the 10 maize varieties， but there were significant differences in dry yield （10.2-20.1 t/hm2） ， and ‘Laiyu 721’ was the highest， following with ‘Dajingjiu 4059’ ‘Denghai 605’ ‘Lilong 915’ ‘Denghai 652’ ‘Zhengdan 958’ ‘Ludan 211’ ‘Zhonghang 611’ ‘Yuqingzhu 23’ and ‘Ludan 256’； and ear yield （3.7-12.2 t/hm2）showed a similar parttern. 2） There were significant differences in agronomic traits among the varieties， and the plant height of ‘Dajingjiu 4059’ （246.4 cm） was highest， and that of ‘Denghai 605’ （185.6 cm） was the lowest. The leaf greenness of ‘Yuqingzhu 23’ （97.2%） was the highest， and that of ‘Zhonghang 611’ （87.1%） was the lowest. The leaf length and width of ‘Zhengdan 958’ （69.1 cm， 9 cm） were the highest， and those of ‘Ludan 211’ （49.8cm， 5.3 cm） were the lowest. 3） There were significant differences in nutrition contents among all varieties， and the starch content ranged from 25 to 36 g/100 g， the crude protein content ranged from of 7.01 to 8.95 g/100 g， the neutral detergent fiber （NDF） content ranged from 32 to 47 g/100 g， and the acid detergent fiber （ADF） content ranged from 16 to 23 g/100 g. Except ‘Yuqingzhu 23’， other maize varieties reached the first-grade standard of silage maize. 4） Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis， the cumulative contribution rate was 88.99%， and the composite scores of 6 maize varieties such was positive， while the other 4 maize varieties were negative. In summary， ‘Lilong 915’ ‘Denghai 652’ ‘Yuqingzhu 23’ ‘Laiyu 721’ ‘Zhengdan 958’ and 'Dajingjiu 4059’ are suitable for planting in the saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta. |
| Key words: saline-alkali land silage maize yield nutritional quality starch crude protein |
